The
Dark Web is a collection of thousands of websites that use anonymity
tools like Tor and I2P to hide their IP address. While it's most
famously been used for black market drug sales and even child
pornography, the Dark Web also enables anonymous whistleblowing and
protects users from surveillance and censorship.
- To produce results, major search engines scour the Web. They follow links to index sites.
That's like dragging a net across the surface of the ocean. - These nets capture less than 1% of Web content. They totally miss the data behemoths.
- Ask a database a question, and it generates a unique page.
These don't get surfaced to the indexable Web. - Also hidden are standalone pages and documents behind private networks, like academic journal articles.
- The most hidden section of the Web is Tor. You can only get inside with special software that makes your location anonymous.
Hiding in plain sight
The majority of Dark Web sites use the anonymity software Tor, though a smaller number also use a similar tool called I2P.
Not to be mistaken with the Deep Web
When
news sites mistakenly describe the Dark Web as accounting for 90% of
the Internet, they’re confusing it with the so-called Deep Web, the
collection of all sites on the web that aren’t reachable by a search
engine.
A few cracks of light
Though
the Dark Web is most commonly associated with the sale of drugs,
weapons, counterfeit documents and child pornography—and all those
vibrant industries do in fact take advantage of Tor hidden services—not
everything on the Dark Web is quite so “dark.”
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